 Miner compass |
 Prismatic compass |
Technical
Data Miner compass: 80 x 100 x 15 mm Prismatic (Schmalcalder-type) compass: Diam.: 3" / 75mm The cardinals are written in Dutch language on some instruments: Z for Zuid (south) |
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 Click on the drawings for enlarged views |
 Pics. courtesy G. Gintzburger |
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 (Click for detail view of dial) |
The AskAniA
logo and the manufacturer's name |
Technical
Data - Diameter: 4 ¾ " / 120mm - Divisions: 360 degrees clockwise Period: 1921-1938 |
 (Picture
Jaypee - priv. coll.)
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 (Picture
courtesy Stanislav Istakhov)
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Technical
data - Dimension : ... x ... x ... mm - Weight: ... g - Graduation : 360 deg. counter-clockwise, only the cardinal points North (C, sever) and South (Ю, youg) are indicated. |
Former British manufacturer (for more information click HERE
and in our LINKS).In 1881 Francis
Barker filed a patent (no. 1926, dated 1881, 4th May)
for an improved prismatic compass
with
clinometer. He also filed a French
issue (no. 142,988, link
to p. 1). The prism can be raised to two
different positions: the clinometer and compass cards !
 At left: Patent fig. At right: F. Barker & Son, 1919 catalogue (Click on pictures for enlarged views) |
 F. Barker & Son and J. C. Asten, Abney Level, patent no.15,472* (July 2, 1909) * Link to page 1 |
 Schmalcalder-type surveyor's prismatic compass (late 19th C.) - Dia.: 75 mm - Red and green filters, hinged mirror in the vane (Click on pictures for enlarged views) |
 Left: F. Barker & Son 1909 catalogue Right: a simple model without the red and green filters (early 20th C.) (Pic. court. S. Majatowski) |
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Artillery
compass
FB2104 (built early 1980's)
 (Pictures courtesy PC / TML) |
Current
version
made by Pyser-SGI
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Patent
no. 14,584 granted in 1915 for an improved MAP READER featuring
an internal illumination device based on a Radium-compound paint and a
compass. At left: figs in patent. Read the general description HERE (patent's 1st p., full copy available). |
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 Click on images for enlarged views Pictures courtesy H. Waldmann |
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Technical
Data - Dimensions: 63 x 81,3 mm, height = 47 mm - Compass dia.: 61 mm - Weight: 318 g - Divisions: 400 grades - Link to picture of velvet-lined case  |
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 Click on images for enlarged views Fotos D. Matiasch |
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Technical
Data - Dimensions (transit case): 160 x 130 x 60 mm - Compass dia.: 110mm - Divisions: 4 x 90°, Base: 360° - White carrying belt  |
 Engraved on reverse: S. Bloch - Strassburg i/E Until
1918 (end of
WW1),
Strasbourg was a part of the German Empire. The city's name is thus
written in German. The abbreviation " i/E " stands for "im Elsass"
i.e. in
Alsace:
 . |
 The
declination
(handwritten in the lid, see pic. below) corresponds to
Strasbourg (written in German) for the year 1914. The former figure for
1913 is still
legible. Another compass (no. 317) is known. Its cover bears the values
for Cüstrin, now Kostrzyn
nad Odrą
in
Poland.
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Technical
Data - Diameter: 68 mm - Depth: 17 mm - Weight: 175 gr - Serial-No.: 102  |
 Pictures by courtesy H. Waldmann Click on the images for enlarged views |
Clinometer
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Technical Data - Dimensions: 80 x 80 x 17 mm - Dia.: 60 mm - Weight: 122 g When not in use the pendulum is stored in a dedicated recess on the right side. |
 View of dial with clinometer rule extended. Note the shape of the letter S (Weft / Oft). |
 Reverse: Matt brown lid concealing the moving parts (See detail on picture of FENNEL compass) |
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Technical
Data - Dimensions: 90 x 80 x 14 mm - Glass: cambered, it can easily be separated (link to picture dismantled). The reason for this is not clear. Maybe the needle needed to be remagnetized. See also Fennel's similar model featuring hinged lids. - Weight: ca. 120 g - Divisions: 2 x 12 hours, counter-clockwise. In the ancient times , in the French and German/Austrian mines, angles were measured in hours and fractions of hours (explanations HERE). E-W swapped: see same chapter. - Clinometer with collapsible reference support. At left: The needle's transit lock is a disc uplifted by a lever located in the neck. More recent instrument with English cardinals and 360° graduation. |
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Model
COVIS
(..VIS = Visier = Sight) Below: 1954 catalogue, no. 331 
The dial (enlarged pic. at left) features an old company's logo (1930?), the letters F.W.B.S. in a cartouche. |
Technical
Data - Dimensions: 100 x 85 x 18 mm - Weight: 400 gr - Divisions: 360 deg., counter-clockwise, English cardinal points - S/N: 38926 - Level: in the base plate - Clinometer: locking in zero position by means of a piston (compare with FPM) - Colour: bronze metallic (U.S. or British Army?) The needle locking system is a large-size screw (compare with the small piston on the catalogue picture) |
Model
name: COHEN
(design by Dr. HENKE according to a 1954 catalogue, item
350) (Click on pictures for enlarged views) |
 When fully opened (180°), both halves are connected via a lock and build a sighting system. This model was also built in China under license (link to pic.). |
Technical
Data - Dimensions: 80 x 70 x 25 mm - Weight: 300 gr - Divisions: 360 deg., counter-clockwise - Colour: dark green-grey (Wehrmacht ?) - S/N: 62231 - Clinometer: no locking system - Level: in the lid The beautiful arrow-shaped needle was later replaced with a simple straight one (visible in the1954 catalogue and on the Chinese version). NOTE: very similar to the U.S. Forestry compass design (ex.: LIETZ) |
Modell
(name?) with slope angle measuring device  (Click on pictures for enlarged views) |
Side
view:
the slope angle measuring device is attached to two additional plates. |
Technical
Data - Dimensions (open): 190 x 70 mm - Height (closed): 33 mm - Slope angle measuring device: 2 x 90° - Weight: 330 gr - Divisions: 360°, counter-clockwise - Colour: light grey - Serial No.: 94917 - Clinometer: no locking system - Levels: two, one on each half. |
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This instrument bears no name or number but several aspects of its design lead us to believe that it was made by Breithaupt maybe for the Federal German Army after 1957. There is no sighting system but the inverted letters and figures appears rectified in the mirror in the lid. The compass was thus probably held by a special device. |
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 The clinometer's graduation is in inches per yard.  |
The
compass as
shown in the BARKER catalogues (1909 and 1919)  |
SIGHT
COMPASS
AND CLINOMETER Technical Data - Diameter: 67 mm - Height (vanes grip erected): 45mm - Weight: 155 g |
 (Click on the picture for enlarged views) |
Technical
Data Plain version without clinometer, dated 1920-1930, S/N 588 - Divisions: 6400 mils counter-clockwise - Dimensions: 75 x 70 x 25mm - Weight: 240gr |
 D.W.Brunton |
 The original 1894 patent only featured one level tube. Later versions had two tubes or like here one tube and one spherical capsule. |
  (Click for enlarged views) |
BRUNTON
POCKET TRANSIT (probably Model M1) Technical Data - Case: aluminum - Division: four quadrants - Dimensions: 75 x 70 x 30mm - Weight: 235gr - Levels: one tube and one spherical (compare with Dietzgen) The clinometer's shape also changed several times.  
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BRUNTON M2 (U.S. Army) Technical Data - Case: aluminum - Divisions: 6400 mils counterclockwise - Dimensions: 75 x 70 x 30 mm - Weight: 230 gr  Identical model made by BRUNSON Kansas Army Documentation: see M2 compass |
IMITATIONS Beware
of copper imitations. Some are called BRINTON
or BRONTON (s.
pic. at l. and pull-down menue point MISCELL. / FAKES).
Most of
are generally signed STANLEY
LONDON,
a retailer of replicas or fancy items very probably "made in
India" which bought the name of the famous british compass maker.
Their official website disappeaeed in 2019 and they are only present on
Facebook.
They cannot be used as measuring instruments but only for decoration purposes. |
 (Pictures Jaypee & M. Rohan) |
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Technical
data Production year: 1960 Height (closed): 23mm Height (opened): 95mm Width: 75mm Divisions: 360° Weight: 200gr (Pic. of Tech. Data in User Instr.) Wooden case: 128 x 97 x 38mm (Link to picture of compass stowed in case) |
Swiss company created in 1871 by
Friedrich BÜCHI (more
information HERE). |
 Pictures courtesy Jaypee, Büchi's priv. coll. Bern |
This
is the oldest compass signed
Büchi: see the engraving in the lower right corner F. BÜCHI
i.e. the founder of
the company Adam Friedrich Büchi. Technical
data- Dim.: ca. 120 x 100 x 20 mm - Production years: ca. 1871-1900 Note: This instrument was most probably a prototype. We don't know whether there was a series production. The divisions on the divided circle and the side rulers are not precise. There is no means of taking into account the magnetic declination. |
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 Pictures courtesy J. Houcke |
Technical
Data
- Dimensions: 95 x 65 x 19 mm, weight: abt. 9 oz. / 300 g - Adaption for declination: +/-20° - Manufactured: 1960s User instr. available in German, Engl. and French |
A
slightly
smaller version called MOD.
LBS was built in Spain by
LAGUNA*
(Zaragoza / Saragossa). (* read profile HERE) |
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Technical
Data - Dimensions: 80 x 55 x 20mm - Weight: 175g - Clinometer: pendulum and two scales (degrees and %) The patent no. indicated (199553) could not be found until now. - Side ruler: 130mm when fully opened  NOTE about the picture at left: unfortunately, the luminous paint layer has fallen off the magnetic needle and is broken in twoe parts. |
 Dim.: 60 x 46 x 10 mm |
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System without compass similar to the French Secrétan Modell 1911. Documentation in Spanish language for various artillerie instruments. This booklet also describes the next sitometer in the table and an aiming circle called Richtkreises (compare with the fig. in Patent filed by E.F. Büchi, no. 71471 dated 17.1.1916). |
| ARTILLERY
LEVEL by E. F. BÜCHI Bern (old version)  FUNCTION: Depressing the push-button located close to the leather strap releases the compass card and causes the metallic blade (visible from above, picture in the middle) to swing back. This blade is a mirror reflecting the image of a small tube level (for pics see next row). It gives thus free vision onto a portion of the compass (cont'd). |
 card (3200 mils) through a prism and onto two portions of rulers graduated from right to left from 0 to 800 (upper row) and from 2400 to 3200 mils (lower row). Figs. in 1st patent (1916 GB no. 100,091). German and French issues: go to these editions of the museum. The Spanish Patent (1920) is also available. |
The
substraction
disk for quick mechanical computing of angles difference.  Various user instructions are available (fac simile): either Swiss Army Manual (German) or the company's short version or even as a flyer in French (see next row). |
Technical
Data - Dimensions: 60 x 49 x 29mm - Weight: 140gr - Divisions : 2 x 3200 mils. - Protection grid: swivelling by 180 deg. Leather pouch:  (Click on the pictures for enlarged views) |
SIMPLE
LEVEL User instr. in French and German: 
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 (Click on the pictures for enlarged views) |
 Model for anti-aircraft units: scale graduated from right to left from 0 to 800 (upper row) and from 5600 to 6400 mils (lower row). |
Technical
Data - Dimensions: 60 x 49 x 29mm - Weight: 110 g - Divisions: 6400 mils Patent (1930) with external level and sight  |
Evolutions:
two patents
were issued in 1929
for Switzerland (nos. 131.841 and
-
842, no no. known for the UK) describing a system with a lamp
(below) and a sight (at r.): |
Swiss
patent Nr. 131.842,
model with
external lamp and sight
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Instrument
with double
optics for slope
angle and range measures
(Goulier
system,
compare with Meridian-Oulianoff)
Descr. (in German) HERE  Patents above and at r.: probably not filed |
Instrument
similar to left
one but more
compact and compass with double pivot Descr. (in German) HERE  |
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 Pictures courtesy D. Matiasch |
 (Click on images for enlarged views) |
Compass for aiming circles and
theodolites Technical Data - Overall dimensions: 90 x 80 x 18 mm - Compass dia.: 49 mm - Weight: 187 g. - Divisions: 6400 MILS counter clockwise - Adaption of declination: none (to be calculated) - Manufacture year: 01/1986 - NSN:1290-12-127-1145 - Case material: aluminum |
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 Pictures courtesy M. Ivanov (Click on images for enlarged views) |
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Technical Data |
(Click on the pictures for enlarged views) |
Sighting (see
scales detail at right)  Wenn the vanes are folded down, the horse air sighting device is protected between two fittings 
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Model
no. 36173 - Technical Data - Dimensions: 75 x 50 mm - Weight: 270 g - Lensatic system - Vanes, numbered pair (no. 17) - Two measuring scales: one for vertical angles (slopes) in percentage 100 = 45°, (pic. below, left) and compass divided in 400 grades (at r.)  - Leather lanyard and articulated staff adapter - On the top plate: window for the reading light - Brass, lackered, with push-button brake for the compass rose. |
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Basic
model of the GRUBENKOMPASS
(miner's compass, c. 1920-1930) which had in addition a "geodesic"
division (400 grades) and a clinometer. Technical Data - Dimensions: 85 x 85 x 26 mm - Weight: 160 gr - Metallic side ruler |
| Patent
for a compass system with
telescope sight (no. 908918, 1953) This system was first defined in 1941 by Karl Martin and Dr. Helmut Naumann. (Click on the drawing at right for an enlarged view) |
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 Pictures by courtesy of BSH |
 cxn = Busch Rathenow |
Erdfeldmesser
or Doppelkompass (link to drwg. in techn. descr.) Dim. - Height: 4" / 97mm - Dia. 3 1/2 ": 84 mm The lower needle (5) indicates the field's intensity in milliOersted. Compare to the models made by LUDOLPH and by PLATH. |
 Pictures Treodelmarions (Click for detailed view) |
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Joannes Caminada's marriage with Johanna Catharina van Brussel in 1828 produced 13 children. The two eldest sons, Carel Antonius Caminada (*1829;†1921) and Johannes Antonius Caminada (*1830;†1887) established Gebr. Caminada in 1856 in Rotterdam.
Gebroeders P & H Caminada, The Hague.
Two other sons, Pieter Caminada (*1837;†1922) and Hendricus Johannes Caminada (*1842;†1882), established Gebr. P. & H. Caminada in The Hague in 1867.
(Source: planimetrica, mathematical-instruments, caminada) Picture by courtesy of Nick Godridge Click on the images for enlarged views |
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Pictures by courtesy of Mark Jarrold, Vavasseur Antiques |
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Technical
Data
Dimensions: . Dia. 4" / 100 mm |
 (Click on images for detailed views - Pictures courtesy Michael Curtis) |
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Technical
Data - Dimensions (dia.): 2" (50 mm) - Separate transit locks for both compass and clinometer cards - Clinometer: There is a ‘flat’ on one side of the instrument so that it can stand on a flat surface. - Markings: The instrument is signed CASELLA LONDON on the lid. On the clinometer card is the Patent no. 1926, whilst on the mask is no. 1909. |
 Clinometer side (Click on images for detailed views - Pictures courtesy Michael Curtis) |
 Compass side |
Technical
Data Late 19thC Military Pocket Altazimuth - Diam.: 2.25 in. - Thickness: 1.4 in. - Weight: 5 ½ ozs. Has a telescope, transit locks for compass and clinometer, compass damper, and blue filter. The Clinometer dial is signed L CASELLA LONDON, and the War Department Arrow surmounting the letter ‘I’ (for India). The instrument has a threaded bush underneath for a tripod. Compare with the Abney Level. |
The museum offers numerous original documents for sale:
 Pict. Jaypee - CHAIX private coll. (Click on pictures for enlarged views) |
CAPITAINE
CHAIX Model
PROTOTYPE
Technical Data - Material: Aluminum - Dimensions: x x mm - Clinometer: Pendulum - Alidade: Plexiglas - Drawer-type case maybe to stow notes  |
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION These two first instruments match more or less a patent filed in 1937 in which a compass is described featuring a transparent lid with a grid and a pin-hole sight at the end of a swivel-bar. An additional a bubble level is shown on the case. The series instrument (see next row) developed from the prototype at left is in the end only of the Bézard UBK type i.e. featuring a hinged mirror to look at the needle and the divided circle while aiming at a target through the slots in the lid. The angle value is the figure facing the pointer located at the mirror's hinge. The compass also features a scale for slope angles engraved on the lid's right side. It is graduated in percent (20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100). This compass could theoretically be used to grossly point a small piece of artillery (see in the Bézard chapter). |
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Model
CAPITAINE
CHAIX
Series version (1939)  |
 Side
views of lid (with sights and scale) and ruler:  Link to a detail view of divided circle and needle. Note: The red part is the south end! (arrow feathering), the white end (arrowhead) bears a dot of luminous paint. |
Technical
Data (Functional descr.: see upper row) - Dim.: 2½ x 2½ x 4/5 in. (75 x 75 x 20mm), 225gr. - Div.: 360° clockwise - Pendulum-type clinometer (see Meridian-Oulianoff) - Material: brass, blue-grey paint, celluloid - Aiming sights: slots in lid Pic. below: Serial no. 265 (centre), the inventor's name (in the left corner) and the maker's mark "D-L" for D. LATOUR (in the right corner).  |
 Model BROUSSARDE Pict. at right: The pouch with a window. |
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Technical
Data: Prismatic compass, model BROUSSARDE. - Dimensions: 120 x 85 x 2mm - Weight: 310grs - Serial-no.: 6639 - Level: visible while sighting in a flexible metallic mirror - Sighting system: notch above the prism (can be fixed in the optimum position by a knurled screw) and point at the far end of the lid. NOTE: The early model was square-shaped like the Universelle. Photos: catalogue and real instrument. The items produced later featureed a red casing. (Click on the pictures for enlarged views) |
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Model
BROUSSARDE with LASER POINTER Technical Data Identical with the basic Broussarde model but with an additional laser pointer for high precision sightings. |
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The
prototype of
the UNIVERSELLE model was a BROUSSARDE compass wih a dendrometer Technical Data - Dimensions: .. x .. x .. mm - Weight: ... gr. (Picture Jaypee - CHAIX' private collection) |
 Compass
called TOPOGÉOLOGIQUE
(in
the user instr. at r.)This version predates the patented model called UNIVERSELLE. It featured a mirror with oval opening, a clinometer with integratred tube level (see descr. in next row) and a tube level below the rear sight.  The ring bearing the crystal and the
divided circle is simply
inserted into the casing. Click on the images for enlarged views and on the links for more pics. |
This
first version had a
dry compass
with 360° counter clockwise division. The limb
was divided into 400 grades overleaf
and could be reversed easily. The needle's south end was painted red and the north end had luminous paint coating. S/N: D 335.  |
 Compare
the vane to the patented model.Abstract of the user instr. Note the ruler placed in a slot (see more details in the enlarged image). 
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 Intermediate
version featuring two different
levels and the new fluid damped floating disc. The maker's
name CHAIX appears with the abbreviated first name P. = Pierre.Dark brown case, S/N: L656 engraved on bottom. Leather pouch with loops to be carried on a waist belt. The prism and its fitting are larger in the series gray models. The clinometer's locking systems are also different. |
Drawing
in the
patent of the model
called UNIVERSELLE,
filed in 1950.  |
The
typical CHAIX compass rose
appears on a patent dated 1955.
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 Model
UNIVERSELLE (built c. 1970-80)The manufacturer's name Lecomte et Déglise Constructeurs was CHAIX' own shop. How to use the vane There are two scales: left side for survey tasks, right side in MILS. It must be held 50cm (20") away from the eye (using a lanyard around the neck) to assess distances. Hereto, one needs a measuring rod with two targets 2m apart from each other. 
 Markings: Base 2 m = Basic height 2 meter; Millièmes = Angular Mils; 50 Cm de l'oeil = 50cm from the eye Drawing: Measuring a tree trunk's diam. using the Mils divisions on the vane. |
 Viewing the card's rim through the Prism:   |
Technical
Data - Case: aluminum, grey paint - Dimensions: 100 x 90 x 36mm - Serial no.: 1892 - Weight: 550gr - Measuring angles is done either from above through the magnifying glass on the crystal or through the folding prism. - Clinometer/dendrometer clutch: tiny push-button at the rear face below the vertical MILS scale for slopes. - Clinometer graduation: top half in grads, lower half in degrees. - The dendrometer has two scales: 20m (0-40) and 30m (0-60) - Compass rose dia.: 64mm - Compass divisions: 360° Model called La Minière with two loops for hanging at a cable in mines (see also "miner compass")  (Click on the pictures for enlarged views) |
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Technical
Data - Dimensions: 4 1/2" side length - Divisions: quadrants (4 x 90°) on inner and outer dials - Clinometer: +/- 90° - Side rulers: . simple, inches (4 1/2) . double (two-way), inches with decimal divisions from 0 to 4.50 and from 4.50 to 9.0. (Picture Matt Reed - click on the image for an enlarged view) |
 Sokkia-Lietz catalogue |
 1 - Surveyor's compass Pictures by courtesy of H. Waldmann |
 2 - Compass with clinometer |
Technical Data 1 - Rectangular frame: 216 x 111,6 mm with a 20 cm ruler on one long side and another one in Parisian inches (27,07 mm) on the opposite side. - Dia. compass: 84 mm ; Divisions : 360° clockwise - Total weight: 710 g ; compass weight: 287 g - Signature: Par L'Ing(énieur) Chevallier Breveté du Roi à Paris (link to picture) 2 - Compass with clinometer and retractable foot - Diam.: 65,2 mm; Height: 13 mm; Divisions: 360° clockwise; Weight: 111 g - Signature: L'Ing(énieur) Chevallier Opticien Place du Pont-Neuf, 15 à Paris (link to picture) |
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 Markings in the square window: - Aluminium Precision Clinometer - Beijing - Public Private Company - Union Instrument Factory (Translation: Jen-Wen Chang) |
 (Click HERE for view of the leather pouch) |
 Pin-hole ocular and needle lock |
 Above: The reticle in a tube Below: The reticle as seen through the pin-hole ocular (left)  |
Technical
Data: - Dimensions: 150 x 58 x 17 mm - Weight: 220 g - Compass diameter: 40 mm - Level: red liquid - Release of clinometer in square window: push-button (above level) - Locking of magnetic needle and clinometer in round window: lever on pin-hole ocular face - The pin-hole ocular tube can be extracted (click for detailed view):  Modern Japanese model made by Ginza TZS Tokyo (Pic. Alex. Rogutskyi) |
MORIN
catalogue   (Click on the pictures for enlarged views) |
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  The sight and a picture showing the center of the display on one horizontal line: 0°/oo, ∞ (infinity), 0 grades |
Military
version - Technical Data - Dimensions (folded): 95 x 50 x 10 mm - Length (deployed): 190 mm - Weight: 235 g - Scales . left: slope angles 0-400 mils (upwards and downwards) . right: angles (vertically or horizontally) 2x 0-50 grades (gon) . center (two survey scales to measure distances): one based on a man's mean height (1.70 m) and the other on a survey pole's length (2 m). This system was also used for a BÜCHI patent project for an instrument that was eventually not filed by this manufacturer but later realized by MERIDIAN. |
Instrument
made by
the Swiss manufacturer MERIDIAN. It is called in German Gefällmesser Picture courtesy J. van Heuverswyn |
Technical
Data - Dim.: .. x .. mm - Weight: 240 g - User instructions: available in French and German - Side device: angle measured in per cent In addition to Goulier's system, this design features a graduated plate which makes it possible to measure directly the slope of a wall. |
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Unknown use |
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Pictures Th. Steffen |
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 Technical
DataDim. - Case dia. : 110 mm - Divided circle dia.: 100 mm Manufacturer's marking on back face: |
  Cylindrical cross staff heads (MORIN catalogue) |
  (Click for enlarged views) Octagonal and cylindrical cross staff heads (WICHMANN catalogue) |
 (Picture by courtesy of Ivars Drulle) Model with level bubble signed WICHMANN (voir aussi Schubert & Vialon) |
Technical
Data - Diam. (top): 2.75" (77 mm) - Diam. (basis): 3.54" (92 mm) - Height: 4.33" (115 mm) - Weight: 2.2 lbs (1.2 kg) - Marking: Gebr. Wichmann Berlin, (most probably made by a predecessor of FPM, below). We also know of an instrument signed H. Bretschneider (Halle) and painted grey like described in the WICHMANN catalogue |
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(For more pictures see HUET) |
Technical
data - Dimensions: 110 x 97 x 30/80 mm (prism folded/ erected) - Weight: 300 gr - Divisions : 400 grades, clockwise |
